Combustion-motor.



No. 796,425. PATENTED AUG. 8, 1905. A. 'HOUKOWSKY.'

COMBUSTION MOTOR.

APPLICATION nun IAY 16,1902.

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l 1 f" WITNESSES: J )NVENTUR dfldnmfi BY ATTDRNEYE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 8, 1905.

Application filed May 16,1902. 'Serial No. 107,666.

To all whont it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ARKADIUs HoUKowsKY, engineer, asubject of the Emperor of Russia, and a resident of No. 29 Luisenstrasse, Berlin, N. VV., in the Kingdom of Prussia and Empire of Germany, have invented new and useful Iniprovenients in Combustion-Motors, of which the following is a specification.

The use of a graduated expansion of the means of working has proved to be very advantageous in steam-motors. On the one hand the changes of temperature (which take place each time the motor rotates) for each single cylinder of a manifold-expansion motor take place within much smaller limits than in a single-cylinder motor, whereby the cylinder condensation, which is known to exist in a high degree in steam-engines, is considerably lessened. On the other hand, the steam in each single cylinder expands within smaller limits of pressure than in a single-cylinder engine, so that the degree of admission can be greater without a material fall of pressure occurring at the end of the expansion. Similar advantages could be obtained by use of a graduated expansion in the combustion-motors, (gas and oil motors)-viz., in consideration that the first pressure in motors of this kind is a much higher one than it is in steam-enginesviz., twenty or thirty atmospheres so that a complete expansion in a single cylinder is practically impossible, and therefore most of the combustion-motors of the best construction work with an expansion to about five atmospheres, renouncing the further use of the pressure energy of the escape-gases. Attempts to construct a compound gas motor have till now failed, because the admission organs of the low-pressure cylinders must allow over 932 Fahrenheit of gas to stream through them, whereby a sufficient jointing even after a short working is practically impossible even if with a construction suitable for the pur pose and if ,the most resisting materialssuch as nickel, &c.are used. Besides, the escape-gases would carry solid and fluid products of the incomplete combustion and other impurities into the low-pressure cylinder with them. From this circumstance it is clear that in the best combustion-motor which exists thirty-five per cent. and more of the combustion heat without being used gets into the atmosphere with the escape-gases, if this heat is not used to work a so-called waste-heat motor.

My present invention allows the energy contained in the escape-gases to be also used ina second cylinder (low-pressure cylinder) without the above-mentioned drawback being able to occur. For this purpose a receiver having partition-walls with lumps of coke or such like laid on them, so that the escape-gases must take a complicated course through them, is interposed between the high and low pressure cylinders of the combustion-motor. Into this receiver water, by means of a small feeding-pump, is introduced or injected. It is best to use the warm water running out of the cooling-jacket of the high-pressure cyl inder for this purpose. This water must wet the partition-walls and the lumps of coke lying on them, thus presenting as large a surface as possible for the escape-gases. It is most suitable for the purpose, if this is managed on the countercurrent principle 71. 6., that the water and gas are streaming in contrary directions. The quantity of the water injected must be so measured that the pressure required is produced in the receiver, whereby most of the water evaporates. The remainder of the Water thereby takes up the impurities of the gas and is simply led ofi through a drain-pipe, with throttle-valve, at. the lowest point of the receiver. Then in the upper part of the receiver a mixture of purified gases and steam of a higher pressure than the atmospheric is formed. This mixture is carried to the low-pressure cylinder, whereby the construction of this cylinder and its valve motion is not essentially different from the constructions usual in steam-engines. After the mixture referred to has completed the working process in the low-pressure cylinder it can be let out into the atmosphere through the escape-valve motion; but it can also be led to a condenser, where a vacuum can only be partly obtained, for only the steam contained in the mixture can thereby be condensed, but not those combustion-gases which come from the high-pressure cylinder. The arrangement of the simplest condensers-for instance, that of the Koerting steam-jet condenser-is here much to the purpose. The low-pressure cylinder can also be arranged like an ordinary steam-engine cylinder, so, for instance, the steam contained in the mixture can, by means of a suitable arrangement of the receiver and the piping, be led into the low-pressure cylinder in an overheated condition. For the heat-motors, which work'in four cycles, the advantage of this procedure is so much the greater in proportion to the height of the compression with which the heat-motor works2' 0., the smaller the noxious space is in proportion to the length of stroke of the working cylinders. The gases filling the noxious space at end of the escape strokes must be led off through a valve and cannot at once be led into the receiver,

but can, for instance, be used to overheat the mixture. Of course with respect to the adding of another cylinder the diagram of the first working cylinders must be somewhat altered by not. extending the expansion in them so far as till now has been usual, yet continually streaming in that the end pressure of the expanded gas in the high-pressure cylinder lies above the atmospheric, so that the division of the whole of the fall of temperature and pressure,respectivel y, is so displaced that the low-pressure cylinder takes up a portion of the fall of temperature, which is otherwise used up in the high-pressure cylinder, the high-pressure cylinder being smaller and the low-pressure cylinder, on the contrary, somewhat larger.

An apparatus suitable for carrying out my invention is shown in the accompanying drawing, which is an elevation with parts in section.

A is the high-pressure cylinder with a valve B for the admission of the explosive mixture.

C is the high-pressure piston connected with a crank D on the main shaft E, which also carries the fiy wheel F.

G is the water-jacket of the high-pressure cylinder, having an inlet at G and an outlet at G H is the exhaust-valve of the high-pressure cylinder, said valve being controlled by an cecentric E' on the main shaft.

The water from the cooling-jacket passes through a pipe I to a spray-head J, located within a casing K. This casing also contains a series of shelves L, arranged in baffle-board fashion and preferably supporting loose material of large surface, such as pieces of coke. The water from the spray-head J travels downward over the shelves and the material thereon and finally escapes at the bottom through an outlet K. The exhaust-gases from the high-pressure cylinder pass through a pipe M to the bottom of the casing K and then travel upward in said casingthat is, in a direction contrary to that taken by the stream of water. The gases and the water are thus brought into intimate contact and are caused to exchange their heatthat is, the water becomes heatedand by proper proportioning of the amounts of water and exhaust-gases a large proportion of the water may be caused to be converted into steam. This steam, together with the exhaust-gases which have been purified by contact with this water, passes from the top of the casing K through a pipe N to the steam-chest or valvebox 0 of the lowpressure cylinder P. This low-pressure cylinder and the parts connected therewith directly may be constructed after the style of an ordinary steam-cylinder.

Lhave indicated at Q the rod which operates the slide-valve and at R the rod operating the cut-off valve.

S is the exhaust-pipe.

The piston T is connected with a crank D on the main shaft, this crank being set at an angle of one hundred and eighty degrees to that which is connected with the high-pressure piston.

U is a pulley from which power may be taken from the engine to drive any suitable mechanism.

That I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by United States Letters Patent, is

The combination of an internal-combustion engine, a casing, closed to the atmosphere, and connected at one end' with the exhaust-port of said engine, a water-supply device connected with the other end of the casing, and another engine, the inlet-port of which is connected with the said casing at the same end which is connected with the water-supply.

In testimony whereof I have, this 2d day of May, 1902, signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ARKADIUS HOUKOWVSKY. Vitnesses:

HENRY HASPER, WOLDEMAR HAUPT. 

